‘India by the Nile’ was a cultural festival showcasing Indian art, music and cinema. This festival was celebrated jointly by India and which of the following countries?

Introduction / Context:
This question relates to international cultural diplomacy and India’s efforts to showcase its soft power abroad. 'India by the Nile' is the name given to a major cultural festival organised outside India, featuring Indian classical and contemporary music, dance, cinema, food and art exhibitions. Such festivals help strengthen bilateral relations and people-to-people contacts. Knowing where these events are held is useful for exams that cover international relations and cultural exchanges.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The festival is titled 'India by the Nile'.
• It highlights Indian culture abroad.
• The options list Sudan, Kampala, Egypt and Kenya.
• 'Nile' in the festival’s name hints at a connection with the Nile River.

Concept / Approach:
The key clue is the word 'Nile', referring to the river Nile, which flows primarily through northeastern Africa. Among the given options, Egypt is the country most famously associated with the Nile and frequently hosts cultural events along its banks. 'India by the Nile' is, in fact, a cultural festival organised in Egypt to showcase Indian culture to Egyptian audiences. Recognising this geographical and cultural link points directly to the correct answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Focus on the festival's name: 'India by the Nile'. Step 2: Recall which country is strongly associated with the river Nile and often linked with pyramids, pharaohs and the ancient Nile civilisation—this is Egypt. Step 3: Look at the options: Sudan, Kampala, Egypt and Kenya. Note that Kampala is actually a city (capital of Uganda), not a country. Step 4: Match the name of the festival and your knowledge of cultural ties: the festival is known to have been organised in Egypt as a celebration of Indian culture. Step 5: Select 'Egypt' as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, you can check press releases from the Embassy of India in Egypt or the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR). These sources describe 'India by the Nile' as an annual or periodic cultural festival held in cities like Cairo and Alexandria, featuring Indian artists and performers. News articles and cultural event listings also highlight that the festival takes place in Egypt along the Nile River, confirming that the collaboration is between India and Egypt, not the other listed options.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Sudan: While the Nile flows through Sudan as well, the specific festival 'India by the Nile' has not been identified as a Sudan-based event.
• Kampala: Kampala is the capital city of Uganda, not a country, and the festival name refers to the Nile as a broader symbol rather than a specific African city.
• Kenya: Kenya lies in East Africa and is not directly associated with the main course of the Nile River in the popular imagination or in the context of this festival.

Common Pitfalls:
One common error is to be misled by the presence of multiple African locations in the options and to guess randomly without using the strong clue provided by the word 'Nile'. Another pitfall is overlooking that Kampala is a city, not a country, and that the festival name is more globally associated with Egypt. To avoid such mistakes, candidates should not only memorise names of cultural festivals, but also connect them with distinctive geographical or cultural features—such as rivers, monuments or host cities—that make recall easier and more accurate.

Final Answer:
The cultural festival 'India by the Nile' was celebrated jointly by India and Egypt.