Soil science (profile horizons): In a standard soil profile, which horizon is composed mainly of weathered parent material with minimal alteration? Clarify that this horizon is little affected by translocation of materials or organic modification. Choose the correct option.

Given data

• Identify the soil profile horizon described only as weathered parent material with minimal pedogenic change.

Concept/Approach
The C horizon consists mainly of weathered parent material that is only slightly affected by soil-forming processes. The A and B horizons are substantially modified by organic addition and translocation/illuviation, while R is unweathered bedrock.

Step-by-step identification
Option A → Matches C horizon description → Correct.Option B → Reflects A/B horizons (modified) → Incorrect.Option C → R horizon (unweathered) → Incorrect.

Final Answer
Weathered parent material that is not affected by translocation and organic modification