Read the following passage carefully and then select the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives given. Gandhian philosophy consists of the religious and social ideas that Mahatma Gandhi adopted and developed, first during his years in South Africa from 1893 to 1914 and later in India during the freedom struggle. These ideas were further carried forward by later Gandhians in India, such as Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan, and by leaders outside India, for example Martin Luther King Junior in the United States. Gandhian thought sees the universe as an organic whole and operates at many levels at the same time: spiritual or religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual and collective. At its core lies the spiritual element and the idea of God. Human nature is regarded as fundamentally virtuous, and all individuals are believed to be capable of moral growth and reform. In this framework, two ideas stand out as central to Gandhian thought. The first is truth, and the second is non violence. The English word "truth" only partly captures the sense of the Sanskrit word "satya". Derived from "sat", meaning "that which exists", satya suggests both relative and absolute dimensions. For Gandhi, there is the relative truth of being truthful in word and deed, and there is the absolute truth of the Ultimate Reality. This ultimate truth is identified with God, and morality, that is, moral laws and moral codes, rests on this foundation. The second central idea is ahimsa, often translated as non violence. Gandhi understood ahimsa not as mere absence of physical harm but as active love, the opposite of himsa or violence in every sense. He placed non violence at the highest level for two main reasons. First, if all life is one according to the Divine Reality, then violence against another is violence against oneself and is therefore self destructive and against the universal law of life, which is love. Second, Gandhi held that ahimsa is the most powerful force available to human beings. If violence were stronger than non violence, humanity might have destroyed itself long ago and the human race would not have progressed as far as it has. From both angles, non violence or love is regarded as the highest law of humankind. According to Gandhian philosophy in the passage, truth corresponds to which of the following ideas?

Introduction / Context:
This question explores how the passage defines "truth" within Gandhian philosophy. The passage explains the Sanskrit word "satya", derived from "sat", and shows that Gandhi treats truth in both a relative and an absolute sense. You must determine which of the listed ideas the passage explicitly links with truth according to Gandhi, and whether those ideas together are captured by one comprehensive option.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The passage explains that the English word "truth" only partly reflects the deeper meaning of "satya".
• It states that satya includes both relative truth and absolute truth.
• Relative truth is described as truthfulness in word and deed.
• Absolute truth is described as the Ultimate Reality, identified with God.
• The passage also says that morality, moral laws and moral codes rest on this ultimate truth.

Concept / Approach:
To answer correctly, you need to extract all the roles that truth plays in the passage. Truth is not just telling the factual truth in speech; it is also the deeper cosmic reality and the foundation for moral law. The question asks what truth "corresponds" to according to Gandhiji. Since the passage connects truth with God as the ultimate reality, with truthfulness in conduct, and with the basis of moral laws, all three statements in options A, B and C are accurate reflections of the passage. Therefore, the most complete answer is "All of these".

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify where the passage defines "satya" or truth in detail.Step 2: Note that the passage distinguishes between relative truth (truthfulness in word and deed) and absolute truth (the Ultimate Reality).Step 3: Observe that absolute truth is equated with God and that morality and moral codes are based on this truth.Step 4: Match each of these elements with the options:- Option A: "God as the ultimate truth" matches the statement that ultimate truth is identified with God.- Option B: "Truthfulness in word and deed" matches the explanation of relative truth.- Option C: "Moral laws and moral code" matches the idea that morality rests on this truth.Step 5: Since all three ideas appear directly in the passage, choose option D, "All of these".

Verification / Alternative check:
If you select only one of the options A, B or C, you ignore other parts of the description that the passage clearly includes. For example, choosing only "truthfulness in word and deed" would overlook the spiritual dimension of truth as Ultimate Reality and its foundational role for morality. The exam setter expects you to see that the passage gives a layered definition: truth is both accurate speech and behaviour and the deeper divine reality on which moral order is built. That is why a comprehensive option like "All of these" must be preferred.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option A: While correct, it is incomplete because it does not mention relative truthfulness or the connection to moral code.
• Option B: Also correct but partial; it covers the behavioural aspect of truth but omits the spiritual and moral foundations.
• Option C: True in the passage, but it only refers to one consequence of truth, not the full conceptual picture.

Common Pitfalls:
Students often make the mistake of choosing the first correct looking option they see, especially when it matches a strongly remembered phrase from the passage. However, many comprehension questions are designed so that several options are individually true, but only one captures the complete range of ideas. Whenever you see an option like "All of these" or "Both A and B", carefully verify whether each of the component options is supported by the text. If so, the combined option is usually the correct answer.

Final Answer:
According to Gandhian philosophy in the passage, truth corresponds simultaneously to God as ultimate reality, to truthfulness in word and deed, and to the basis of moral law, so the correct choice is All of these.