Statement — “To pass the examination one must work hard.” Question — Which conclusion is most strictly entailed?

Introduction / Context:The sentence expresses a necessity condition: work hard is required for passing. We must distinguish what such a necessity entails and what it does not.

Analysis of the Conclusions:

• I (“Examination is related with hard work”): Broadly true, but vague; “related” is not the precise logical counterpart of a necessary condition.
• II (“All those who work hard pass”): Confuses necessity with sufficiency. Working hard is required but may not guarantee passing.
• III (“Exam causes anxiety… and hard work overcomes it”): Introduces new notions (anxiety) absent from the stem.
• IV (“Without hard work, one does not pass”): This is the exact contrapositive of the given necessity and hence strictly follows.

Final Answer:Conclusions IV