Characteristics of an ideal memory device Which statement best describes an “ideal” memory for digital systems?

Introduction / Context:
Designers dream of an “ideal” memory that combines the best traits of today’s RAM and nonvolatile technologies. Understanding these traits helps explain why systems mix multiple memory types (SRAM cache, DRAM main memory, Flash/EEPROM storage).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ideal memory is a conceptual target, not a single existing device.
• Desirable traits include capacity, nonvolatility, and in-system read/write capability.
• No trade-offs for speed, endurance, or power are implied in the idealization.

Concept / Approach:

High capacity minimizes cost per bit. Nonvolatility preserves data without power. In-system read/write capability means byte or word programmability without special equipment, enabling firmware updates and general data storage under normal operating conditions. The ideal memory would combine all these benefits simultaneously.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Real devices: DRAM offers capacity but is volatile; SRAM offers speed but low density; Flash/EEPROM offer nonvolatility and in-system programming but slower writes. The ideal merges these strengths.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Only capacity: ignores data loss on power removal.
• Only nonvolatility: ignores practical write needs.
• Only in-system R/W: without capacity and retention, it falls short.

Common Pitfalls:

• Equating “ideal” with a single commercial part; actual devices involve trade-offs.

Final Answer:

has all of the above characteristics