Which option best defines a communication network in the context of data communications among attached stations?

Introduction / Context:
A communication network is more than a wire or a radio channel; it is an organized system that interconnects devices and provides end-to-end data transfer services according to protocols and architectures.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We focus on the system as a whole, not a single medium or fault state.
• Stations are attached nodes (hosts, routers, switches).
• Service includes addressing, routing/switching, and reliable delivery functions.

Concept / Approach:
A network comprises functional units (links, switches, routers, protocols, management) that cooperate to deliver communication between stations. This holistic definition distinguishes “network” from “bus,” “carrier,” or “collision.”

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the definition that references interconnected units plus provided service.Exclude options that describe only media (conductors, carriers) or error states (collisions).Select the comprehensive system-level description.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard textbooks define networks as interconnected nodes/links implementing protocols that provide communication services.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Conductors: Describes a physical bus/backplane, not a network.

Continuous frequency carrier: Describes a channel characteristic.

Collision condition: A transient MAC-layer event, not a network.

None of the above: Incorrect because one option is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing a medium (wire/radio) with the layered services that make up a network.

Final Answer:
a collection of interconnected functional units that provides a data communications service among stations attached to the network