Panchatantra, the famous collection of animal fables, was composed by which ancient Indian scholar?

Introduction / Context:

This question checks your awareness of classical Indian literature. Panchatantra is a collection of moral stories and animal fables that has influenced children's literature, folklore, and moral education across many cultures. Knowing who is traditionally credited with composing these stories is a common requirement in exams on general knowledge and culture.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The work in question is Panchatantra, a collection of animal fables.

• Four ancient writers are offered as options.

• Only one of them is broadly accepted in tradition as the composer of Panchatantra.

• We assume the conventional attribution used in textbooks and cultural histories.

Concept / Approach:

The method here involves matching famous works with their traditional authors. Panchatantra is associated with Vishnu Sharma, who is said to have composed these stories to instruct princes through fables. Kalidasa is linked with classical Sanskrit drama and poetry, Surdas with devotional poetry, and Vishakhadatta with historical plays. Recognising these associations allows you to eliminate the incorrect options.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Standard literature texts on Sanskrit and Indian storytelling consistently note Vishnu Sharma as the composer or compiler of Panchatantra. The introductory sections of many Panchatantra translations mention his name and provide the traditional story of a king handing over his sons to Vishnu Sharma for instruction. Since the other authors are firmly linked to other genres, this strongly verifies the answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Kalidasa is famed as a classical poet and dramatist, not a compiler of animal fables.

Surdas belongs to the Bhakti movement and is known for devotional songs rather than instructive animal stories.

Vishakhadatta is recognised for political and historical drama, not for Panchatantra.

Common Pitfalls:

Students may confuse different ancient authors because all the names sound similar and are linked to Sanskrit literature. Another pitfall is to pick Kalidasa simply due to his fame. A reliable preparation strategy is to maintain a clear mental list of major Indian works and their primary authors or compilers.

Final Answer:

Panchatantra is traditionally attributed to Vishnu Sharma.