Assertion–Reason (Genetics – Color Blindness):\nAssertion (A): Red–green color blindness occurs more frequently in males than in females.\nReason (R): Females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have only one.

Introduction / Context:
The question examines understanding of X-linked recessive inheritance using red–green color blindness as the classic example.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Trait occurs more in males.
• Chromosomal complement: males XY; females XX.

Concept / Approach:
In X-linked recessive traits, a single mutant allele on the X chromosome is sufficient to express the phenotype in males (XY). Females (XX) would need two mutant alleles to express the condition; with only one mutant allele they are typically carriers without full expression, reducing prevalence among females.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) A: True—statistically, males show higher incidence.2) R: True—chromosomal complement explains hemizygous exposure in males.3) The reason directly explains the observation in A.

Verification / Alternative check:
Pedigree patterns show affected males more frequently and transmission via carrier mothers; father-to-son transmission does not occur for X-linked traits.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They deny either the epidemiological pattern or the genetic mechanism.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming dominance or autosomal inheritance; overlooking carrier females.

Final Answer:
Both A and R are true, and R explains A.