Ashoka Chakra, one of the highest peacetime gallantry awards of India, is given for which type of act?

Introduction / Context:
Ashoka Chakra is one of Indias highest decorations for gallantry. It is often discussed along with wartime awards like Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra. Understanding the distinction between peacetime and wartime gallantry awards is an important part of defence related general knowledge.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The award named is Ashoka Chakra.
• It is classified as a gallantry award.
• The question asks about the specific nature of acts for which it is given.

Concept / Approach:
Ashoka Chakra is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre eminent act of valour or self sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy. In other words, it is a peacetime gallantry award. Acts may occur during counter insurgency operations, rescue missions or other dangerous situations within the country. This clearly distinguishes it from wartime honours that are specifically given for acts in the presence of the enemy in armed conflict.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Ashoka Chakra is a peacetime equivalent of Param Vir Chakra. Step 2: Remember that it is given for the highest level of bravery and self sacrifice not necessarily during war. Step 3: Read the options and identify which one correctly emphasises bravery away from direct enemy combat. Step 4: Option d mentions conspicuous bravery or self sacrifice on land, air or sea other than in the presence of the enemy, exactly matching the definition. Step 5: Choose option d as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Another way to verify is to recall examples where Ashoka Chakra has been awarded, often for anti terrorist operations, rescue missions or brave acts by police or defence personnel in non war contexts. These cases fit the peacetime gallantry description and not acts performed on a recognised battlefield with an enemy army.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Outstanding contribution to literature and education: This would be recognised through civil honours such as Padma awards, not a gallantry decoration.
Gallantry awards given specifically to children: Children can receive bravery awards, but Ashoka Chakra is not restricted to children.
Acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy in war: This describes wartime awards such as Param Vir Chakra or Vir Chakra, not Ashoka Chakra.
Long service in the armed forces without specific bravery: Long service is usually recognised by service medals, not by a gallantry award that demands a specific outstanding act.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners confuse Ashoka Chakra with wartime gallantry medals or think it is a civilian decoration. Another error is to misinterpret peacetime as meaning there is no danger, whereas in reality recipients often face life threatening conditions. Carefully remembering the distinction between with enemy and other than in the presence of the enemy helps avoid such confusion.

Final Answer:
Ashoka Chakra is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or self sacrifice on land, air or sea other than in the presence of the enemy.