Permanent way layout terminology — the arrangement provided to divert a train from one track to another is called:

Introduction / Context:
Understanding permanent way terminology is foundational in railway engineering. Devices used to move trains between tracks combine “points (switches)” and “crossings” into a standard assembly known to all track engineers and operators.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are naming the standard track layout that diverts trains from one track to another.
• Focus is on the complete arrangement, not just an individual component.

Concept / Approach:

A turnout is the complete assembly that includes switches (points), stock rails, crossings (frogs), check rails, and connecting rails to guide a wheelset safely from one track to another. The term “point” alone refers to the switch blades; “crossing” refers to the V-frog element; “junction” is a broader term for a location where routes diverge or converge and can include many turnouts.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check (if short method exists):

Any standard track diagram labelling confirms that a diverging route is achieved through a turnout, consisting of switches and a crossing.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Railway point and railway crossing are partial elements; railway junction is a location type; “none of these” does not apply since “turnout” is standard.

Common Pitfalls (misconceptions, mistakes):

Calling the entire assembly “points”; forgetting that a crossing (frog) must also be provided to complete the diversion.

Final Answer:

turnout