Choose the word that is nearly opposite in meaning to the English word "CALUMNY".

Introduction / Context:

This English vocabulary question focuses on antonyms for a slightly advanced word, "calumny". Such words occur in contexts dealing with character, reputation, and moral conduct. Exam questions on antonyms ensure that you can distinguish between words describing harmful speech and words describing praise or appreciation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

Concept / Approach:

Calumny refers to false and malicious statements made to damage someone reputation. It is a form of slander. The antonym should describe speech or writing that praises and honors someone rather than defames them. Among the options, "eulogy" is a formal speech or piece of writing that highly praises a person, typically someone who has died. This is the positive counterpart to malicious slander.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Consider how these words are used in context. "The newspaper article was full of calumny against the leader" implies unfair attacks. In contrast, "The gathering began with a moving eulogy to the leader" clearly suggests respectful praise. These two uses show opposite intentions in speech, confirming that calumny and eulogy can stand as antonyms in this context.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:

Students may be tempted by apology, thinking that apologizing cancels out earlier calumny. However, an antonym in vocabulary questions must be opposite in core meaning, not just a possible reaction. Calumny is malicious attack, while eulogy is high praise. Keeping this contrast in mind helps you choose correctly in similar questions involving negative and positive speech.

Final Answer:

The word nearly opposite in meaning to "CALUMNY" is Eulogy.