Zener versus ordinary diode breakdown: Is it always true that a zener diode has a larger breakdown voltage than a standard (rectifier or signal) diode?

Introduction / Context:
Zener diodes are engineered to operate in reverse breakdown at a specified voltage for regulation and reference purposes. Ordinary rectifier or signal diodes are designed to avoid breakdown in normal operation and therefore specify a much higher reverse-voltage limit (Peak Inverse Voltage, or PIV). Understanding these ratings prevents misuse and damage in power and signal circuits.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Zener diodes have a nominal breakdown (zener) voltage V_Z, commonly from about 2.4 V to tens of volts.
• Standard rectifier diodes list a maximum repetitive reverse voltage (e.g., 50 V, 100 V, 400 V, 1000 V).
• We compare typical ratings, not a single special part number.

Concept / Approach:
“Larger breakdown voltage” is not an intrinsic zener property. A zener’s value is selected for the application (low, medium, or high). Standard rectifiers deliberately have high breakdown thresholds to remain non-conductive in reverse bias. Consequently, many ordinary diodes have breakdown voltages far higher than those of low-voltage zeners. The correct comparison is application-dependent, not categorical in favor of zeners being “larger.”

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets confirm: a 1N4733A zener regulates at about 5.1 V; a 1N4007 rectifier has a repetitive reverse voltage rating of 1000 V. Clearly, the “zener has larger breakdown” claim does not generally hold.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Claims limited to silicon, to low-current parts, or only above 25 V are arbitrary and not generally true. The deciding factor is device design and intended use, not the diode family name alone.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “zener = big breakdown.” Zeners are chosen for a target breakdown; rectifiers are chosen to withstand high reverse voltages. Context matters.

Final Answer:
Incorrect