Aman is 4 years older than Bimal. Bimal is 2 years younger than Chaman. Chaman is 6 years older than Dhruv. Dhruv is 9 years younger than Esha. Based on these age differences, who is the second eldest among them?

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your ability to compare ages using relative age statements. You are given a chain of differences relating Aman, Bimal, Chaman, Dhruv and Esha and asked to identify who is the second eldest. Rather than trying to guess, it is best to assign a reference age and compute everyone's age relative to that reference.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Aman is 4 years older than Bimal.
• Bimal is 2 years younger than Chaman.
• Chaman is 6 years older than Dhruv.
• Dhruv is 9 years younger than Esha.
• We only care about who is relatively older or younger, not their actual ages.

Concept / Approach:
A simple way to solve this is to assume one person's age as a reference value, say Dhruv's age, and then express others in terms of that. Once you have numerical expressions for all five ages, you can rank them from oldest to youngest and identify the second eldest. The actual numeric values are not important; only their order matters.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Let Dhruv's age be D.Step 2: Chaman is 6 years older than Dhruv, so Chaman's age is D + 6.Step 3: Bimal is 2 years younger than Chaman, so Bimal's age is (D + 6) - 2 = D + 4.Step 4: Aman is 4 years older than Bimal, so Aman's age is (D + 4) + 4 = D + 8.Step 5: Dhruv is 9 years younger than Esha, so Esha's age is D + 9.Step 6: Now list all ages relative to D: Dhruv = D, Bimal = D + 4, Chaman = D + 6, Aman = D + 8, Esha = D + 9.

Verification / Alternative check:
Arrange the ages from oldest to youngest: Esha has age D + 9, Aman has D + 8, Chaman has D + 6, Bimal has D + 4, and Dhruv has D. Since D is a common base, the ordering depends only on the added constants. Clearly, Esha is the eldest, Aman is the second eldest, followed by Chaman, Bimal and Dhruv. You can even substitute a concrete age, for example Dhruv = 10, giving Esha = 19, Aman = 18, Chaman = 16, Bimal = 14 and Dhruv = 10, which confirms the same order.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Esha is the eldest, not the second eldest.Chaman, Bimal and Dhruv are all younger than Aman based on the calculated differences.No rearrangement of the data is allowed; the differences are fixed, so the order cannot change.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners try to line up the statements mentally without using a reference value and easily mix up older and younger when there are several people involved. Another error is to treat younger than incorrectly when writing equations, flipping the sign. Writing everything in terms of a single variable like D helps avoid these mistakes and makes the ordering very clear.

Final Answer:
The second eldest among the five is Aman.