Which statement about data communication modes is incorrect in the context of online teleprocessing versus batch processing?

Introduction / Context:
Teleprocessing refers to online, interactive computing over communication links, whereas batch processing handles jobs offline without interactive user sessions. Distinguishing synchronous/asynchronous transmission and duplex modes further clarifies how data moves across links.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Synchronous transmission uses a shared or embedded clock.
• Half-duplex permits both directions but not simultaneously.
• Teleprocessing emphasizes online interaction over networks.

Concept / Approach:
We evaluate each statement. The first three accurately describe common concepts. The fourth claims batch processing is preferred for telecom operations; this contradicts the essence of teleprocessing, which favors online, interactive processing for timely responses. Therefore, the incorrect statement is the one elevating batch mode over online operation in telecommunications contexts.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Examples include online transaction processing, interactive terminals, and modern client–server applications—all requiring prompt, session-oriented communication incompatible with pure batch paradigms for primary operations.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• (a) Correct definition of synchronous transmission.
• (b) Correct definition of half-duplex operation.
• (c) Correct description of teleprocessing.
• (e) “None” is wrong since (d) is demonstrably incorrect.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing buffered/queued processing within online systems with batch processing; misinterpreting synchronous vs asynchronous at signal level versus application layer semantics.

Final Answer:
Batch processing is the preferred processing mode for telecommunication operations.