Static versus dynamic memory: Which statement best describes static (SRAM) memory devices in terms of data retention and refresh behavior?

Introduction / Context:
Understanding the difference between static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM) is crucial for system design. They differ in cell structure, speed, density, and whether periodic refresh is required to preserve data.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Static memory refers to SRAM, implemented with flip-flop–like cells.
• Dynamic memory refers to DRAM, implemented with capacitors.
• We focus on data retention behavior while power remains applied.

Concept / Approach:
SRAM stores bits using bistable latches (e.g., cross-coupled inverters). As long as supply power is present within spec, the latch retains its state without refresh. DRAM stores charge on capacitors that leak over time and therefore requires periodic refresh cycles even while powered.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify static memory: SRAM (semiconductor).Recall retention: no refresh needed while powered; data persists.Contrast with DRAM: needs constant refreshing despite power being applied.Thus the best description is ”semiconductor… retained as long as power is applied”.

Verification / Alternative check:
Review timing diagrams: SRAM lacks refresh commands, while DRAM controllers schedule periodic refresh (e.g., every 64 ms) to maintain data integrity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Magnetic in nature: describes magnetic core/tape/disk, not SRAM/DRAM devices.Requires constant refreshing while powered: that is DRAM behavior, not SRAM.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating non-refresh with nonvolatile. SRAM still loses data when power is removed; it is volatile, just ”static” while powered.

Final Answer:
semiconductor memory devices in which stored data is retained as long as power is applied