Java programming — Effect of passing primitives and updating a static field: class Test { static int s; public static void main(String [] args) { Test p = new Test(); p.start(); System.out.println(s); } void start() { int x = 7; twice(x); System.out.print(x + " "); } void twice(int x) { x = x*2; s = x; } }

Introduction / Context:
This checks two ideas: primitives are passed by value, and static fields are shared across instances and can be set inside instance methods.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Local variable x is 7 inside start().
• twice(x) multiplies its parameter and stores the result in static s.

Concept / Approach:
Because primitives are passed by value, the caller's x does not change. However, setting the static variable s persists and can be printed later in main.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Print x again after twice to confirm no change, and print s to confirm update.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They assume x changed in caller or that s was not updated.

Common Pitfalls:
Expecting call-by-reference semantics for primitives; misunderstanding static field scope.

Final Answer:
7 14