In this voice change question, you are given an active voice sentence and must select the option that correctly expresses the same idea in passive voice. The original sentence is: Our Institute has launched a new scholarship scheme for the weaker sections of the society.

Introduction / Context:
This question examines your understanding of transforming sentences from active voice to passive voice while preserving meaning, tense, and proper word order. The active sentence states that our Institute is the doer of the action has launched and that the object is a new scholarship scheme, with the beneficiaries being the weaker sections of the society. In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and the agent may be introduced with by.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The active sentence is: Our Institute has launched a new scholarship scheme for the weaker sections of the society.
• The tense used is present perfect, has launched.
• The object is a new scholarship scheme.
• The beneficiary phrase is for the weaker sections of the society.
• The correct passive sentence must retain both the tense and the meaning.

Concept / Approach:
In voice change, especially from active to passive, the direct object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The basic pattern is: Subject has verb past participle object becomes Object has been past participle by subject. Thus, Our Institute has launched a new scholarship scheme transforms into A new scholarship scheme has been launched by our Institute. The phrase for the weaker sections of the society remains attached to the scheme, preserving the idea of who the scheme is intended for. Any change in tense, such as switching has launched to was launched or had been launched, would be incorrect.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the subject, verb, and object in the active sentence. Subject: Our Institute. Verb: has launched. Object: a new scholarship scheme. Step 2: Note the additional phrase for the weaker sections of the society, which describes the target beneficiaries of the scheme. Step 3: Form the passive structure by making the object the new subject: A new scholarship scheme. Step 4: Convert has launched into has been launched, which is the passive form of the present perfect tense. Step 5: Introduce the agent with by our Institute to show who performed the action, if you want to keep the doer in the sentence. Step 6: Attach the beneficiary phrase for the weaker sections of the society at the end, just as in the original, to retain meaning. The full passive sentence is A new scholarship scheme has been launched by our Institute for the weaker sections of the society.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check the tense and meaning. The phrase has been launched in the passive corresponds exactly to has launched in the active. The subject and object have swapped places, but the overall sense that our Institute recently started a scheme for weaker sections remains unchanged. This confirms that the passive transformation is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option (b) uses was launched, which is simple past tense, not present perfect, and incorrectly adds for our Institute, changing the sense of who benefits.
Option (c) uses had been launched, which is past perfect, and changes the time reference and emphasis. The word order is also awkward and unnatural.
Option (d) also uses had launched, remains in active voice, and places the beneficiary phrase first, which does not match the requirement of converting into passive voice.

Common Pitfalls:
Learners often forget to maintain the same tense during voice change and may unconsciously switch from present perfect to simple past or past perfect. Another common error is misplacing the beneficiary phrases and thereby changing the meaning. Always check that the new subject in the passive sentence corresponds to the original object and that the verb form includes been in perfect passive constructions.

Final Answer:
The correct passive voice sentence is A new scholarship scheme has been launched by our Institute for the weaker sections of the society.