Statements: The university authority has instructed all the colleges under its jurisdiction to ban use of cell phones inside the college premises. Majority of the teachers of the college signed a joint petition to the university complaining the disturbances caused by cell phone ring tones inside the classrooms.

• Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
• Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
• Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
• Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
• Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.