Cause and Effect: I) Government colleges in the state have decided to enhance student intake in all courses from the current academic year. II) The number of applicants for various courses has been continuously growing every year.

Introduction / Context:Administrative capacity changes (increasing intake) are usually responses to demand signals (rising applications). Identify the direction consistent with institutional decision-making.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I: Colleges will raise intake from the current year.
• II: Applicant numbers have been rising continuously.
• Capacity is adjusted to meet demand.

Concept / Approach:Demand growth (II) functions as the cause; policy decision to increase seats (I) is the effect.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) II → I: Rising applications motivate more seats to accommodate students.2) I → II: Increasing seats does not explain past continuous growth in applications.

Verification / Alternative check:Standard capacity planning logic supports II → I.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:They invert or decouple the clear demand–capacity link.

Common Pitfalls:Confusing cause with policy response.

Final Answer:If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect