Fee policy comparison in medical education: Analyze Statements I and II — 'Private medical colleges increased tuition by 200% over last year to meet expenses' and 'Government medical colleges did not increase fees despite price escalation' — to determine whether these are linked or stem from independent causes.
Verbal Reasoning
Cause and Effect
Difficulty: Medium
Choose an option
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AStatement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
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BStatement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
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CBoth the statements I and II are independent causes
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DBoth the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
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EBoth the statements I and II are effects of some common cause
Answer
Correct Answer: Both the statements I and II are independent causes
Explanation
Given data
- I: Private colleges increased fees sharply to cover expenses.
- II: Government colleges did not raise fees even though costs rose.
Concept/Approach
The two decisions arise from different governance and pricing logics: market-cost pass-through (private) vs. policy restraint/subsidy (public). They do not cause each other nor arise from a single common driver in the same direction.
Step-by-step evaluation
1) Statement I reflects a cost-recovery choice by private institutions.2) Statement II reflects a contrary policy stance by government colleges (fee freeze despite inflation).3) Neither explains the other; they are independent institutional decisions (independent causes).Verification/Alternative
Common-cause claim (general price escalation) cannot explain why one raised fees while the other did not; responses diverge.
Final AnswerBoth the statements I and II are independent causes.