Saturated-switching in TTL: Evaluate — “The 74XX series TTL operates using saturated switching, where many conducting transistors enter saturation.”

Introduction / Context:
Standard TTL (74XX) logic uses multi-emitter input transistors and relies on saturated switching in its internal stages. Saturation stores charge and limits speed; this motivated Schottky TTL variants to avoid deep saturation and improve performance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• “74XX” refers to the original TTL family, not CMOS (74HC/HCT).
• Saturation occurs when base–collector junction becomes forward-biased.
• Stored charge in saturation increases turn-off delay.

Concept / Approach:
In basic TTL, output transistors drive into saturation to achieve low VOL. The trade-off is speed versus simplicity and power. Variants like 74S/74LS include Schottky clamps to prevent deep saturation while preserving compatibility.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Timing diagrams and internal schematics in datasheets show saturated output devices for 74XX; Schottky families are advertised as “non-saturating” improvements.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Incorrect / HC/HCT: CMOS families (HC/HCT) are not TTL transistors; Schottky-only caveats miss the point that 74S/74LS specifically avoid deep saturation, unlike 74XX.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing all 74-series as TTL (some are CMOS); assuming Schottky clamps are present in classic 74XX (they are not).

Final Answer:
Correct