Systems analysis documentation: System specifications are prepared to communicate the solution precisely. What are they used for in practice?

Introduction / Context:
System specifications translate business requirements into a precise, testable description of what an information system must do. Good specs make the solution understandable to developers, testers, users, and auditors, forming the baseline for design, build, and acceptance testing activities in the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A specification should be complete, consistent, and unambiguous.
• It typically includes flows, data definitions, interfaces, controls, and performance constraints.
• Multiple stakeholders will read and implement against the same document set.

Concept / Approach:
Clear specifications depict system flows (process logic, sequence, and interactions), present an accurate picture (scope, inputs/outputs, constraints), and avoid ambiguity via standard terminology, structured models, and acceptance criteria. Techniques include context diagrams, data flow diagrams, state charts, use cases, and data dictionaries, all cross-referenced to ensure consistency and traceability back to requirements.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Well-written specs reduce rework and defects discovered late in testing by aligning all teams on the same authoritative blueprint for system behavior and quality.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single item is correct but incomplete alone; comprehensive specifications must accomplish all listed purposes.

Common Pitfalls:
Using vague language; omitting edge cases; failing to update specs after changes; not linking specs to test cases.

Final Answer:
All of the above