System study and fact-finding: During feasibility and analysis, which data-collection methods are commonly used to understand the existing process and requirements?

Introduction / Context:
Successful systems analysis depends on obtaining accurate, comprehensive information about current workflows, data, and pain points. Analysts employ multiple fact-finding methods to corroborate findings and reduce bias, producing a reliable basis for solution design and estimation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Diverse stakeholders have different perspectives and availability.
• Processes may vary across sites, shifts, or roles.
• Some requirements are tacit and surface only when observed in context.

Concept / Approach:
Common techniques include questionnaires (broad reach, standardized responses), interviews (deep, qualitative insights, clarifications), and on-site observations (seeing real work, uncovering tacit steps, exceptions). Triangulating among the three increases validity: what users say, what they write, and what they actually do may differ. Documentation reviews and workshops further enhance coverage.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Methodological best practices in business analysis recommend mixed methods for completeness and to reduce individual-method weaknesses.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single method is useful but incomplete; using all provides the most reliable understanding.

Common Pitfalls:
Overreliance on a single method; leading questions; observing only “happy paths” and missing exceptions.

Final Answer:
All of the above