Masonry & Retaining Structures – Stepped lateral support element Which stepped structural form is specifically provided to give lateral support to a wall or similar structure?

Introduction / Context:
Walls subject to lateral forces or requiring stiffeners sometimes incorporate projecting supports. The correct term helps in structural detailing and conservation of historical masonry where such features are common.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Element is stepped and projects from the main wall.
• Primary role: provide lateral support/stiffening.
• Not functioning as a free-standing earth-retaining structure by itself.

Concept / Approach:
A buttress is a masonry projection built against a wall to counteract lateral thrusts and increase stability. Its face is often stepped or set-back. It contrasts with retaining walls (hold back earth), breast walls (support cut slopes), and parapet walls (low protective walls at roof/bridge edges).

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the need: lateral support to an existing wall.Map the stepped projection to the term “buttress”.Exclude other wall types based on their distinct functions.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historic cathedrals use flying buttresses to resist vault thrusts; plain stepped buttresses stiffen tall retaining or boundary walls.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Retaining/breast wall: retain earth or slope, not primarily to stiffen a wall by projection.
• Parapet: guard at top of roof/bridge.
• Wing wall: returns at culverts/bridges to retain embankment.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing retaining function with buttressing; some retaining walls use buttresses on the soil-free side, but the term still refers to the projecting stiffeners.

Final Answer:
Buttress