Fruit decay – “Stem-end rot” caused by moulds typically involves which part of fruits during storage and distribution?

Introduction / Context:
Stem-end rot is a classic postharvest mould infection point in fruits such as citrus, mango, and avocado. Identifying the primary site helps target sanitation and handling steps.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are focusing on rot caused by moulds during the postharvest phase.
• Question seeks the anatomical site most implicated.

Concept / Approach:
Moulds often exploit natural openings or wounds. The stem scar or pedicel area provides a pathway for infection and moisture accumulation, making the stem end the typical focal point for stem-end rot.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Review infection routes → stem scar is a vulnerability after harvest. Observed symptom → softening, darkening, and decay beginning at stem end spreading inward. Therefore, the correct site is “stem ends of fruits”.

Verification / Alternative check:
Postharvest guides for citrus and tropical fruits repeatedly cite stem-end rot initiating at the stem attachment area and progressing through vascular tissues.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Leaves: fruits do not have leaves postharvest. General “spotting” is nonspecific and not the defining presentation.

Common Pitfalls:
Misdiagnosing bruising as stem-end rot; ignoring pedicel hygiene and sanitizer coverage.

Final Answer:
Stem ends of fruits.