Statement–Courses of Action (faulty exam questions causing mass failure): A very large number of students failed in a high-school subject because the paper contained faulty questions; determine which action(s) follow—(I) allow all affected students a supplementary examination, (II) suspend those responsible and initiate an enquiry—balancing fairness to students and accountability.

Given data

• Cause of failure: Faulty questions in one subject.
• Course I: Offer a supplementary exam to the affected cohort.
• Course II: Suspend responsible persons and start an enquiry.

Concept / ApproachWhen systemic error harms students, immediate relief plus process accountability are both warranted.

Step-by-step evaluationStep 1: Course I restores fairness by giving students a valid assessment opportunity, undoing the harm from faulty items.Step 2: Course II initiates accountability; suspension (pending enquiry) prevents interference while facts are established.Step 3: Both measures are complementary—student relief and institutional correction.

Verification / Alternative checkEducation boards commonly allow re-tests and probe paper-setting lapses to uphold standards.

Common pitfalls

• Granting only a re-test without addressing root causes and responsibility.

Final AnswerBoth I and II follow.