Statement–Courses of Action (price stabilisation for onions in State 'P'): Vegetable traders anticipate a near-term rise in onion prices in State 'P'; which course(s) of action logically follow—(I) the State 'P' government should proactively purchase and store adequate onions in advance to moderate prices, or (II) the State 'F' government should create a network of fair-price shops to sell onions during the shortage?

Given data

• Price surge is expected in State 'P'.
• Course I: advance procurement and buffer stocking by State 'P' to control prices.
• Course II: fair-price shops by a different State 'F' (no link in the statement).

Concept/Approach (relevance to jurisdiction and problem)Actions must be relevant to the affected state and logically connected to price moderation.

Step 1: Course IDirect, jurisdiction-appropriate intervention; buffer stocks can dampen shortages and spikes.

Step 2: Course IIInvolves an unrelated state; the statement provides no basis for action by State 'F'.

Common pitfallsIgnoring jurisdictional mismatch; proposing actions by entities not implicated.

Final AnswerOnly I follows.