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Metallurgical processing: choose the correct definition of smelting in iron extraction Differentiate smelting from ore dressing (washing) and calcination/roasting by selecting the correct description used in ironmaking. Choose the correct option.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux (smelting)

Explanation:

Given

  • Select the statement that defines smelting.

ConceptSmelting = chemical reduction of metal oxides by carbon (or CO) at high temperature in the presence of a flux to form metal and slag.Ore washing (a) = physical beneficiation.Calcination/roasting (b) = thermal decomposition/oxidation to remove volatiles/impurities.

ReasoningOnly option (c) describes the reduction step of ironmaking. Therefore, (d) is incorrect because (a) and (b) are distinct, earlier steps.

Final AnswerReducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux (smelting)

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