Kingdom Fungi — Select the statement that does NOT correctly describe fungi as a group.
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AThe fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive heterotrophs
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BSome fungi form beneficial interrelationships with plants
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CThe fungal life cycle typically includes a spore stage
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DCertain fungi are natural sources of antibiotic substances
Answer
Correct Answer: The fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive heterotrophs
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Core traits of the fungal kingdom distinguish it from animals and plants. This question tests recognition of the correct nutritional mode and key biological features of fungi.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Fungi are eukaryotic and include both multicellular molds and unicellular yeasts.
- They commonly reproduce by spores.
- Many fungi form mutualisms (e.g., mycorrhizae) and produce secondary metabolites, including antibiotics.
Concept / Approach:The incorrect statement labels fungi as “ingestive heterotrophs.” Animals are ingestive; fungi are absorptive (osmotrophic) heterotrophs that secrete enzymes to digest polymers externally and absorb monomers. Hence, option (a) does not apply to the kingdom Fungi.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify nutrition mode: fungi are absorptive, not ingestive.Confirm other traits: spores and symbioses are typical; antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) originate from fungi.Choose the statement that misclassifies fungal nutrition.Verification / Alternative check:Textbooks emphasize extracellular digestion and uptake across the cell wall and membrane in fungi.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- (b), (c), (d) are accurate descriptions of many fungi and their ecological or biotechnological roles.
Common Pitfalls:Assuming “heterotroph” implies ingestion; osmotrophy is a distinct strategy.
Final Answer:The fungi are eukaryotic, multicellular, ingestive heterotrophs