Timber technology — definition of seasoning In building materials, “seasoning” of timber refers to which process?

Introduction / Context:
Seasoning of timber is essential to improve dimensional stability, strength, and durability before construction use. Unseasoned wood contains high moisture and sap that cause shrinkage, warping, fungal decay, and poor paint adhesion.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Fresh sawn lumber contains free water and bound water in cell walls.
• Target moisture content depends on climate and intended use (often 10–20%).

Concept / Approach:
Seasoning removes moisture (and associated sap) either naturally (air seasoning) or artificially (kiln seasoning). The objective is to reach equilibrium moisture content appropriate for service conditions, minimizing later movement and defects.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Seasoned wood exhibits improved strength-to-weight ratio, better machining, and reliable joint performance. Standards specify permissible moisture for structural timber.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Creosoting (B): a preservation treatment, not moisture reduction.
• Sodium silicate paint (C) and tar coating (D): surface treatments, do not season wood.
• Fire-retardant impregnation (E): enhances fire performance but does not equate to seasoning.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing seasoning (drying) with preservation or protective coatings. Also, over-drying can make timber brittle and prone to splitting; controlled schedules are vital.

Final Answer: