Statement: “Our population is now 100 crore. Let’s have small families for a stronger India.” — a public (nasal) message sent by MTNL. Assumptions: I. Public messages sent through mass communication media are effective tools to achieve behavioral change. II. Runaway population growth is a major cause of worry for the government. Choose the option that best identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Introduction / Context:
This item asks which premises must be true for a public message advocating small families to make sense. We separate necessary assumptions from merely supportive facts.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• MTNL broadcasts a message encouraging small families.
• Target: national strength via population control.

Concept / Approach:
For such a message to be rational: (a) planners must believe mass communication can influence behavior, and (b) population growth is a sufficiently serious concern to warrant messaging.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Assumption I: Necessary. If mass messages were ineffective by nature, broadcasting would be irrational.Assumption II: Necessary. The call for small families presupposes that rapid population growth is problematic for “stronger India.”

Verification / Alternative check:
If either I or II were false (messages ineffective, or population growth not worrisome), the broadcast’s rationale collapses.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any single-assumption choice omits a required premise; “neither” contradicts the logic; “either” is insufficient because both premises are needed.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing helpful assumptions with indispensable ones—here both are indispensable.

Final Answer:
if both I and II are implicit.