Applications of Portland-pozzolana cement (PPC) — typical use cases Portland-pozzolana cement is widely used in durable and mass concrete works. For which of the following structural applications is PPC commonly specified with confidence?

Introduction / Context:
Pozzolanic blending lowers heat of hydration, refines pore structure, and improves long-term durability. PPC is therefore a frequent choice in mass concrete and in structures exposed to aggressive environments, provided adequate curing and mix control are ensured.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional PPC conforming to relevant standards.
• Appropriate cover, low water/cement ratio, and good curing practices.
• Exposure may include sulphates/chlorides typical of substructure or hydraulic works.

Concept / Approach:

PPC produces reduced heat rise (good for dams and large blocks), enhanced sulphate resistance and chloride permeability reduction (good for abutments and foundations), and improved long-term strength development for R.C.C. PPC performs well in a wide range of structural elements where early-age high strength is not the sole priority.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Design guides and specifications routinely allow PPC for these elements with proper curing and mix design controls.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Choosing only one narrows a broadly valid set; PPC is acceptable for all listed works under good practice.

Common Pitfalls:

• Expecting rapid early stripping strengths identical to rapid-hardening cement.

Final Answer:

All of the above.