Plastics manufacturing — which statements about common processes are correct? Select the best combined option.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: All of the above

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
Industrial plastic forming relies on several foundational processes. This question validates whether you can identify which statements correctly map processes to products and methods.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Focus on blow moulding, calendering, laminating, and moulding.
  • Common, introductory-level manufacturing knowledge is assumed.
  • No specialized variants (e.g., stretch-blow, twin-screw compounding) are needed.


Concept / Approach:
Each listed process has a canonical application: blow moulding for hollow articles like bottles; calendering for continuous sheets/films; laminating for resin-bonded composites (paper or fabric); and moulding as the general method of shaping in a cavity.


Step-by-Step Solution:

1) Blowing: Expands heated plastic parison/preform against a mould cavity to form bottles and containers.2) Calendering: Passes softened plastic through rollers to produce sheets/films of controlled thickness.3) Laminating: Impregnates or coats sheets (e.g., paper) with thermoset resin, then cures under heat/pressure.4) Moulding: Encompasses compression, injection, transfer, etc., where raw material is shaped in a mould.


Verification / Alternative check:
Basic manufacturing texts and polymer processing guides match these definitions and typical applications.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Individual process statements are correct but incomplete; the aggregate correctness is captured by “All of the above.”


Common Pitfalls:
Confusing calendering with extrusion casting; forgetting that blow moulding specifically targets hollow shapes.


Final Answer:
All of the above

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