Identify the function and resulting output level A small digital system (commonly built with a PISO shift register and a DATA pin) is used to convert multiple parallel input lines into a single serial stream for transmission. For such a parallel-to-serial interface and for the specific static inputs shown in a typical textbook example, determine the general purpose of the circuit and state the logic level expected at the DATA output at the moment indicated.

Introduction / Context:
Parallel-to-serial interfaces are widely used to minimize wiring by sending several bits over a single line. A common building block is a PISO (parallel-in/serial-out) shift register whose DATA (or QH) pin outputs one bit per clock. This item asks you to first recognize the function and then state the logic level at the DATA output at a labeled instant in a typical demonstration timing diagram.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The block is a shift-register style interface with parallel inputs latched, then shifted out bit-by-bit.
• DATA is an active-high logical output that carries the current serial bit.
• Standard operation: load on a load/shift control signal; shift on clock edges, MSB- or LSB-first depending on device.

Concept / Approach:
The distinguishing features of a PISO are a bank of parallel input latches and a single serial DATA output. Recognizing the presence of a shift clock and a load (or shift enable) identifies parallel-to-serial conversion. The DATA level at any instant equals the bit presently at the output stage after the most recent shift.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare with a 74HC165/74HC595 timing chart: after a load, sequential clocks present each bit on DATA as HIGH or LOW. A labeled frame showing a 1 at the output corresponds to HIGH.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“multiplexing, 1” confuses time-division selection with shift-register serialization. “demultiplexing, 0” reverses the function. “parallel-to-serial conversion, 0” asserts the opposite level from the indicated HIGH in the referenced moment.

Common Pitfalls:
Mixing up multiplexers (select 1-of-N inputs) with PISO shift registers (serializing N inputs). Also, forgetting that DATA shows the bit after the most recent shift edge.

Final Answer:
parallel-to-serial conversion, HIGH