Parallel (synchronous) counters and preset behavior Many parallel, edge-clocked counters employ synchronous presetting, meaning the device loads a preset value on the active transition of the same clock that is used for counting. What is this presetting method called?

Introduction / Context:
Counters are ubiquitous in digital electronics for frequency division, timing, and sequencing. A practical feature found in many devices is the ability to preload a known value before counting proceeds. This question focuses on the method whereby the counter loads that value in step with the normal clocking of the device, a technique especially important for glitch-free startup and for precise modulus control.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The device discussed is a parallel (synchronous) counter where all flip-flops share a common clock.
• A preset value is available via parallel inputs.
• The preset action is initiated by a control signal but occurs on a specified clock transition.

Concept / Approach:
Presetting can be implemented in two broad ways: asynchronous and synchronous. Asynchronous preset acts immediately when its control is asserted, independent of the clock, which may cause hazards or violate timing in downstream logic. In contrast, synchronous preset waits for the designated active clock edge (rising or falling) to update the internal state, thereby aligning the load with the device’s normal timing and minimizing glitches.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the method: preset occurs on the same edge that advances the count.Match the definition: actions that occur in lockstep with the clock are “synchronous.”Therefore, the named technique is synchronous presetting.

Verification / Alternative check:
Examine typical synchronous counter datasheets (for example, families like 74HC163/193): the preset/load input is sampled on the active clock transition, guaranteeing controlled state changes that are easy to analyze and simulate.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Feedback” is a generic concept and not a preset method. “Ripple” refers to asynchronous counting, not preset. “Asynchronous” preset acts immediately and not on the clock edge.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing synchronous preset (edge-aligned) with asynchronous load; overlooking the need to satisfy setup/hold on the parallel data when using synchronous load.

Final Answer:
synchronous