Find the odd city (state capitals vs non-capital): Choose the city that is not a state capital in India.

Introduction / Context:
Indian cities can be grouped by administrative status. Three listed cities serve as state capitals; one is a major city but not a capital. Administrative role forms a clear, testable criterion.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Bengaluru: capital of Karnataka.
• Patna: capital of Bihar.
• Ranchi: capital of Jharkhand.
• Bhagalpur: important city in Bihar, not a state capital.

Concept / Approach:
Use official capital status. Capitals are seats of state government and typically host key administrative buildings; Bhagalpur does not have that status.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Check state associations; only Bhagalpur lacks a state-capital role.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They conform to the “state capital” class.

Common Pitfalls:
Do not confuse city size or prominence with administrative status.

Final Answer:
Bhagalpur