Typical algorithm flow: Most algorithms follow which general sequence when implemented in programs?

Introduction / Context:
Regardless of language or paradigm, most programs embody a simple flow: obtain data, transform it, and present results. Recognizing this structure helps beginners plan procedures and identify where validation, business rules, and formatting belong.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are discussing the high-level flow, not special cases like event-driven or reactive systems.
• Input may come from users, files, sensors, or networks.
• Output may be screens, reports, files, or API responses.

Concept / Approach:
The canonical model is IPO: Input → Process → Output. Inputs are validated and parsed; processing applies algorithms, rules, or calculations; outputs are formatted and delivered. Even in event-driven systems, each event triggers an IPO micro-cycle.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the need for data acquisition: enter or read inputs.Apply logic to transform: process inputs into useful information.Present results: display outputs in the required medium and format.Select the option that matches IPO precisely.

Verification / Alternative check:
Most pseudocode templates and teaching patterns begin with “read/receive,” then compute, then “print/write.”

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Options a, b: Confuse the order or refer to “process outputs” before outputs exist.
• Options d, e: Begin with outputs, which cannot be produced before inputs and processing.

Common Pitfalls:
Skipping input validation; mixing formatting with core computations; failing to separate concerns, which hampers testing.

Final Answer:
Enter inputs → process inputs → display outputs