Managerial levels and decision types: Middle-level managers are primarily responsible for which type of decisions used to allocate resources and establish controls?

Introduction / Context:
Organizational decision-making is often categorized by level: strategic (top), tactical (middle), and operational (lower). Understanding who owns which decisions clarifies information needs and system design across the hierarchy.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We focus on middle-level managers.
• Activities include resource allocation, policy implementation, and establishing controls.
• We must choose the most appropriate decision category.

Concept / Approach:
Tactical decisions translate high-level strategy into actionable plans and budgets for departments or divisions. They are more structured and time-bounded than strategic decisions but broader and less frequent than operational decisions, aligning resources to meet strategic objectives.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match “middle level” to the classical tactical tier.Confirm scope: resource allocation and control systems sit squarely in tactical planning.Select “tactical.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Management textbooks position budgeting, departmental planning, and policy enforcement as tactical responsibilities managed by middle leadership.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Strategic: Owned by top management; long-term direction.
• Structured: Describes problem nature, not decision level.
• Simulation: A technique, not a decision category.
• None: Incorrect because “tactical” fits exactly.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “structured” with “tactical.” Structure refers to problem clarity, not organizational level.

Final Answer:
tactical