Viruses Questions

In bacteriophages, lysozyme (endolysin) that lyses the bacterial cell to release mature virions is encoded by which phase of viral gene expression?

Oncogene theory: What does it explain in the context of virus–host interactions and cancer biology?

Temperate phage immunity: The prophage-encoded repressor renders the host cell resistant to lysis initiated by which source?

Reverse transcriptase is most useful in which virological situation?

Capsid architecture: In the simplest icosahedral capsid, the capsomere located at each of the 12 vertices and surrounded by five neighbors is called what?

Identify the false statement about viruses (select the option that is NOT true).

Because a lysogen resists lysis by superinfecting phage, the prophage repressor is also called the:

Viruses lack most metabolic machinery; they cannot generate energy or synthesize what key macromolecule on their own?

Baltimore/Bradley perspective: Group E bacteriophages are characterized by which type of nucleic acid?

Oncogenic transformation in virology: Which of the following human viruses are known to transform infected cells (in vitro or in vivo), indicating oncogenic potential or immortalization ability?

Virus architecture vocabulary: The capsomeres of an icosahedral capsid are themselves built from repeating protein subunits called what?

Temperate bacteriophages: Which temperate phage lacks site specificity for chromosomal insertion and can integrate multiple copies into a single bacterial chromosome?

Human oncogenic viruses: Which virus listed has not been convincingly associated with human cancer in epidemiologic and mechanistic studies?

Viral envelopes and cellular origin: The envelope of which virus family is derived primarily from the host cell nuclear membrane during maturation?

History of vaccination: Edward Jenner initiated protective inoculation of humans using material taken from which type of lesions?

Measles virus cytopathic effect: In cell culture, infection with measles virus most characteristically leads to which observable effect?

Virucidal agents in practice: Which disinfectant(s) are effective against viruses when used at appropriate concentrations and contact times?

Virology basics — In virus architecture, what exactly constitutes the nucleocapsid (state the two parts clearly)?

Comparative genomics — Across sequence comparisons, where would you expect greater similarity: among viruses themselves or between viruses and their specific hosts?

Virus classification — The primary basis for separating viruses into major groups is: