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Microbial Recombination and Gene Transfer Questions
Genetic recombination mechanisms: Which type of recombination does not require long homologous sequences and is used for integration of viral genomes into bacterial chromosomes (for example, phage integration)?
Microbial genetics toolkit: Which of the following are commonly used tools by microbial geneticists for manipulating and analyzing genes?
Reporter fusions and promoter activity: To monitor expression of gene X driven by promoter Px, what should a promoter–reporter gene fusion contain?
Horizontal gene transfer vocabulary: What is the term for the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterium and its incorporation into the bacterial genome?
Expression profiling technologies: A DNA microarray differs from a single-gene promoter/operon fusion in which key ways?
Viral genetics: How does recombination of virus genomes most commonly occur?
Plasmid biology: What is the standard term for the process by which plasmids are eliminated from bacterial cells?
In plant–microbe interactions (for example, Agrobacterium tumefaciens infecting dicots), what are “R factors” with respect to DNA transfer into plant cells?
In bacterial conjugation, what is the direction of DNA transfer during an F+ × F− mating?
In Staphylococcus aureus, how is penicillin resistance commonly acquired at the population level?
Which genetic element intrinsically carries genes needed for its own integration into a host chromosome?
Who discovered transposable elements (“jumping genes”) through maize genetics, earning a Nobel Prize?
Diagnostic DNA probe technology has been developed and widely used to detect which pathogens?
How are composite transposons formed in bacterial genomes?
What do we call a DNA segment that carries one or more genes flanked at both ends by inverted repeat sequences?
What is the name for the recombination process that occurs between long homologous DNA sequences and drives accurate exchange?
Which plasmid type increases a bacterial host’s ability to cause disease (for example, by encoding toxins or adhesion factors)?
Transposons and transposase — core function: In microbial genetics, the transposase gene encodes an enzyme that enables what fundamental step of transposable element movement within DNA?
Plasmids — defining features: Which statement correctly describes bacterial plasmids in standard microbiology and genetics?
Horizontal gene transfer barriers: In an environment containing extracellular DNases, which DNA transfer pathway is most directly inhibited?
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