Measuring humoral immunity — Which laboratory metric detects a humoral response to influenza virus?

Microbiology Immune Response Difficulty: Easy
Choose an option
  • A
    cytotoxicity of virus-infected cells in tissue culture
  • B
    dividing T cells in the draining lymph nodes
  • C
    plasma cytokine levels
  • D
    serum antibody titer
  • E
    T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing

Answer

Correct Answer: serum antibody titer

Explanation

Introduction:Humoral immunity refers to antibody-mediated protection. This question asks which laboratory measurement best reflects a humoral response after exposure or vaccination against influenza virus.

Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Influenza infection or vaccination context.
  • Standard clinical and research assays.
  • Goal: detect antibody presence/levels.

Concept / Approach:Humoral responses are quantified by measuring antigen-specific antibodies in serum (e.g., ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition titer, neutralization assays). These correlate with protection and vaccine efficacy in many settings.

Step-by-Step Solution:

1) Identify humoral hallmark: antigen-specific antibodies in blood.2) Choose the direct measure: serum antibody titer provides quantitative evidence of humoral response.3) Other listed assays primarily reflect cellular immunity or nonspecific inflammation.

Verification / Alternative check:Vaccine trials commonly use hemagglutination inhibition titers against influenza antigens as correlates of protection, confirming their role as humoral markers.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

  • Cytotoxicity assays: measure cell-mediated killing by CTLs or NK cells.
  • Dividing T cells: indicates cellular proliferation, not antibodies.
  • Plasma cytokines: nonspecific; do not directly quantify antigen-specific antibodies.
  • TCR repertoire: characterizes T-cell diversity, not humoral titers.

Common Pitfalls:Assuming any immune assay reflects humoral function; only serum antibody measurements directly quantify the antibody arm.

Final Answer:serum antibody titer.

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