Arrange the metallurgical flow from raw ore to finished spare parts in the correct process order. a) Metal b) Alloy c) Ore d) Purification (refining) e) Spare parts

Introduction / Context:
Industrial production transforms natural ore into engineered components. Understanding the order helps in quality control and cost estimation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ore is mined raw material.
• Purification/refining removes impurities after initial processing.
• Metal is the refined base substance.
• Alloy is a controlled mixture of metals for properties.
• Spare parts are manufactured from alloy/metal.

Concept / Approach:
Follow material state changes: ore → refine → metal → alloy → finished parts.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Ore (c).2) Purification/refining (d).3) Metal production (a).4) Alloying (b).5) Spare parts manufacturing (e).

Verification / Alternative check:
Process flow charts for steel, aluminum, and copper industries adhere to this pattern.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Placing alloy or metal before refining contradicts process feasibility; putting spare parts before alloy is impossible.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming purification and alloying are interchangeable; they occur at different stages with different goals.

Final Answer:
c, d, a, b, e