Thermodynamics Questions

• Gas Turbines — Working Cycle of an Open-Cycle Plant An open-cycle gas turbine (typical jet engine or simple-cycle gas turbine) ideally operates on which thermodynamic cycle?
• Stirling Cycle — Process Composition The ideal Stirling cycle consists of which set of four processes (with perfect regeneration)?
• Kinetic Theory — Temperature Dependence of Molecular Speeds According to the kinetic theory of gases, how does the average molecular speed change with increasing temperature (for a given gas)?
• Free Expansion — Sudden Expansion into a Vacuum Evaluate the statement: “When a fluid is allowed to expand suddenly into a vacuum chamber through a large orifice, the process is called free expansion.”
• Carnot cycle efficiency and what it depends on: In classical thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency of an ideal Carnot heat engine depends on which fundamental parameter(s) of the two heat reservoirs?
• Definition check (cp): “The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a gas by 1 degree at constant pressure is called the specific heat at constant pressure.” Is this definition correct?
• Entropy as a property: Is entropy a point function (state function) and therefore a thermodynamic property?
• Clausius relation for reversible heat transfer: Select the correct differential relation between heat interaction and entropy at absolute temperature T.
• Open-cycle gas turbine basics: Which statements correctly characterize an open-cycle gas turbine plant?
• Universal gas constant (R_u): Is the value of the universal gas constant the same for all gases?
• Unit equivalence: One Joule (J) is exactly equal to which of the following mechanical work units?
• Definition check (calorific value): “The amount of heat released by the complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called the calorific value of a solid or liquid fuel.” Is this statement correct?
• Molar (volumetric) specific heat at constant pressure: The molar specific heat at constant pressure (per mole) can be expressed as which product?
• Root-mean-square (rms) molecular speed: Which expression correctly gives the rms speed of a gas molecule in terms of Boltzmann’s constant k, absolute temperature T, and molecular mass m (mass of one molecule)?
• T–s diagram interpretation in thermodynamics Consider any thermodynamic process plotted on a temperature–entropy (T–s) diagram. The shaded area under the process curve is sometimes misinterpreted. Does the area under a T–s curve represent the work done during the process, or something else? Choose the correct judgment about the statement: “The area under the T–s curve of any thermodynamic process represents the work done during the process.”
• Producer and derived gases – how is Mond gas generated? Identify the correct industrial method of producing Mond gas (a low-calorific-value fuel gas rich in hydrogen and nitrogen).
• Mechanical equivalent of heat – who established the convertibility of heat and work? The statement that heat and mechanical energy are mutually convertible, supported by definitive experiments determining the mechanical equivalent of heat, was established by:
• Sign of entropy change – removing heat from a gas Consider a gas as a closed system. If heat is removed from the gas, what is the sign of the change in entropy of the gas?
• Molecular terminology – what does “triatomic” mean? In kinetic theory and chemistry, a triatomic molecule contains how many atoms in a single molecule?
• Composition of a diatomic oxygen molecule A single molecule of elemental oxygen (written as O2) consists of how many oxygen atoms?