Time study in industrial engineering is used primarily to achieve which set of outcomes?

Introduction / Context:
Time study converts observed work into fair standards. These standards drive planning, costing, capacity, and incentive systems, making time study foundational in industrial engineering.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Stable method and trained operator.
• Use of performance rating and allowances.
• Repetitive operations with measurable cycles.

Concept / Approach:
From observed times, compute representative time, normal time, and then standard time by adding allowances. This standard time feeds multiple downstream decisions: cost standards, man–machine charts, and incentive wage plans.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
IE references tie time standards directly to cost estimation, line balancing, and wage incentives.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single item is correct but incomplete; the most comprehensive answer is all of them.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring allowances; using non-representative samples; applying standards without method control.

Final Answer:

All of the above