When is product layout most appropriate? Identify the manufacturing situation in which a product (line) layout is best suited.

Introduction / Context:
Product (line) layout arranges equipment and workstations according to the sequence of operations for a specific product. It is a cornerstone of flow production, enabling high throughput and consistent quality.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Low variety, high volume production environment.
• Standardized components and routings.
• Balanced work content across stations.

Concept / Approach:
Product layout minimizes material handling and work-in-process inventory by creating a straight or U-shaped line where each station performs a dedicated task. This setup is economical when demand is stable and the product design changes infrequently, justifying investment in specialized fixtures, conveyors, and automation.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Assess production characteristics: single or few models (Option A), standardized design (Option B), and large quantities (Option C).All three characteristics support line balancing and takt-time driven flow.Therefore, the correct choice is “all of the above”.

Verification / Alternative check:
Automotive assembly, consumer electronics, and appliance production commonly use product layouts under these conditions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option (E) contradicts the core idea; custom, unique products fit fixed position or process layouts better.

Common Pitfalls:
Attempting to run high-variety, low-volume jobs on a fixed line; neglecting line balancing leading to bottlenecks; ignoring changeover time sensitivity.

Final Answer:
all of the above