Facility layout: Which statement best describes a key advantage of product (line) layout?

Introduction / Context:
Product layout (line layout) arranges resources according to the processing sequence of a single or limited family of products. It is common in assembly lines and process industries with stable, high-volume demand and standardized operations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Repetitive manufacturing with stable routing and takt time.
• Equipment arranged in the order of operations.
• Balanced line to minimize bottlenecks and work-in-process.

Concept / Approach:
Sequential flow reduces material handling and queuing, shrinking total manufacturing lead time. Close-coupled stations often need less floor space per unit output. With good balance, idle time diminishes and both machine and labor utilization rise. These benefits contrast with process (functional) layout, which is flexible but often less efficient for high volumes.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Value-stream mapping reveals reduced lead time and WIP; space and throughput studies confirm higher utilization and lower travel distances in product layouts.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option (e) is incorrect because jobbing work benefits more from process/cellular layouts; product layout suits high-volume, standardized products.

Common Pitfalls:
Poor line balancing; ignoring variability in demand; inadequate provisions for maintenance and changeover.

Final Answer:
all of these