Critical Path Method (CPM) in project management Which of the following best describes the capabilities and benefits of CPM when planning and controlling projects?

Introduction / Context:
The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a foundational tool in operations and project management used to plan, schedule, and control complex, multi-activity projects. It emphasizes activity sequencing, durations, floats, and the identification of the longest path that dictates the minimum project completion time.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A project is decomposed into activities with estimated durations.
• Activity precedence relationships are known or can be determined.
• Managers wish to communicate schedules and monitor time–cost performance.

Concept / Approach:
CPM builds a network, performs forward and backward passes to compute Early Start/Finish and Late Start/Finish, and determines total and free floats. The critical path contains zero total float activities and sets the overall project duration. This structure also supports cost–time trade-off analysis (crashing) and performance tracking.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List activities, durations, and dependencies.Draw the network and do a forward pass to find earliest times.Do a backward pass to find latest times and floats.Identify the critical path and set the baseline schedule.Use the network to communicate plans and compare planned vs. actual time/cost.

Verification / Alternative check:
Comparing Gantt charts to network calculations shows how CPM clarifies constraints and identifies where acceleration yields schedule benefit.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Stating CPM is useful only for certain industries is incorrect; CPM is industry-agnostic. Each of the first three options is a genuine CPM advantage; hence “All of the above” is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Inaccurate duration estimates, ignoring resource constraints, and misinterpreting float can undermine CPM benefits.

Final Answer:
All of the above