Digital systems and memory-related components — match each item in List I with the most appropriate characteristic in List II. List I (Component / Technology) A. Static PLA (treated as a static, non-refreshed programmable logic/memory-like array) B. CCD (charge-coupled device) memory/array C. ECL (emitter-coupled logic) D. GAL (generic array logic, EEPROM-based) List II (Characteristic) 1. Erasable, programmable 2. Ultra-high speed operation 3. Stores large volumes of data (high density arrays) 4. Does not need refreshing 5. Non-volatile storage

Introduction / Context:
This matching question mixes memory-adjacent technologies and logic families. The goal is to associate each item with the dominant characteristic engineers rely on when selecting or describing devices such as CCD arrays, fast logic families, and erasable programmable logic.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• “Static PLA” is taken as a static, non-refreshed programmable array (conceptually like static storage of programmed fuses/EEPROM rather than dynamic DRAM-style refresh).
• CCD arrays historically served as dense shift-register memories/sensors and can store large amounts of charge information.
• ECL is a very fast bipolar logic family due to differential emitter-coupled stages that avoid transistor saturation.
• GAL devices are erasable/programmable (EEPROM-based) and non-volatile.

Concept / Approach:

Map each technology to the single most distinguishing attribute: static (no refresh) for a static programmable array, density for CCDs, speed for ECL, and erasability/programming for GALs. While GALs are also non-volatile, the pairings here allow only one best match per item.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

ECL propagation delays are far smaller than TTL/CMOS of the same era; CCD shift registers and image sensors offer very high densities; GALs are reprogrammable via EEPROM cells without removing power; “static” arrangements do not require refresh cycles like DRAM.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Mapping ECL to density or non-volatility ignores its hallmark speed advantage.
• Assigning CCD to “erasable/programmable” confuses it with EEPROM/flash-based logic arrays.
• Giving GAL the “no refresh” trait is true but less discriminating than its erasable programmability.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming “non-volatile” must be chosen for GAL; remember we need one best match and “erasable, programmable” distinguishes GALs from simple mask-programmed PLAs.

Final Answer:

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1