Match camera pick-up technologies with their originators: (A) CCD (charge-coupled device), (B) Newvicon, (C) Plumbicon, (D) Chalnicon — with: (1) Toshiba, (2) Philips, (3) Matsushita (Panasonic), (4) RCA.

Introduction / Context:
Video imaging history spans vacuum pick-up tubes and solid-state sensors. Recognizing who introduced key devices helps anchor technology timelines in broadcast engineering and electro-optics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Devices: CCD, Newvicon, Plumbicon, Chalnicon.
• Developers to match: Toshiba, Philips, Matsushita (Panasonic), RCA.

Concept / Approach:
Associate each sensor with the company historically credited for its development or naming: Plumbicon is strongly associated with Philips; Newvicon with Matsushita; Chalnicon with Toshiba in common exam taxonomies; early CCD commercialization included notable work by RCA, even though CCD invention traces to Bell Labs.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Cross-checking typical exam prep materials: Plumbicon ↔ Philips is consistent; Newvicon ↔ Matsushita is standard; Chalnicon frequently appears with Toshiba; CCD often paired with RCA in older broadcast syllabi despite Bell Labs' invention.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2: Swaps Newvicon and CCD and misplaces Plumbicon.
• A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2: Misassigns Plumbicon to Toshiba.
• A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4: Incorrectly pairs nearly all items.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing invention site (Bell Labs for CCD) with later commercial associations used in test keys.
• Mixing up trade names (Plumbicon, Newvicon, Chalnicon) among Japanese and European manufacturers.

Final Answer:
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1