Match antennas to their typical directivity levels: (A) Horn antenna, (B) Parabolic antenna, (C) Lens antenna — with: (1) high directivity, (2) very high directivity, (3) moderate directivity.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: A-3, B-2, C-1

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
Antenna directivity measures how concentrated the radiated power is in a particular direction. Recognizing typical directivity ranges for common microwave antennas is essential in RF system design.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Antennas: Horn, Parabolic reflector, Dielectric lens.
  • Directivity labels: moderate, high, very high.


Concept / Approach:
A horn provides aperture matching and moderate gain; a parabolic reflector focuses energy tightly for very high directivity; a lens antenna increases directivity by phase-front shaping, generally between horn and large parabolic dishes.


Step-by-Step Solution:

Horn → moderate directivity (often tens of dBi when large, but typically below equivalent large dishes) → 3.Parabolic → very high directivity due to large effective aperture and precise focusing → 2.Lens → high directivity (improves collimation beyond horns without reflectors) → 1.


Verification / Alternative check:
Rule of thumb: Directivity ∝ effective aperture area. Parabolic reflectors typically achieve the highest for a given size; horns are simpler waveguide flares; lenses add focusing power without reflectors.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:

  • A-1, B-2, C-3: Overstates horn and understates lens relative positions.
  • A-3, B-1, C-2: Swaps lens and parabolic levels.
  • A-1, B-3, C-2: Misorders all three against typical practice.


Common Pitfalls:

  • Equating gain one-for-one with size without considering aperture efficiency.
  • Assuming horns inherently provide very high directivity regardless of dimensions.


Final Answer:
A-3, B-2, C-1

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